International Business ThinkFlash Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1953 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? International Business: ThinkFlash Company Globalization (Week 1) Nature and Industry ThinkFlash Company is an Abu Dhabi-based entertainment company which manages live events from its concept development and design, advertising, sponsorship, artist contacts and operations. This wholly owned subsidiary of Abu Dhabià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s government operates through teams of passionate professionals whose specialty focus on creating movie premieres, classical shows, international tennis matches and celebrity music concerts (Flash Entertainment, 2013). This company is more known as Flash Entertainment boasts of its wide range of connection in other industries such as music, sports and leisure. It allows them to produce exceptional event programmes in Abu Dhabi by bringing significant global properties to the capital and fit them to the vibrant interests of the area. Export and Market size Flash Entertainment plans to expand its operation overseas to deliver the biggest and most memorable live events on earth. By expanding worldwide, ThinkFlash creates a bigger market size for the business. Recently, the company bought ten percent shares in the famous Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) owned by Zuffa, LLC. It expands by investing in overseas companies like the UFC where they see a tremendous global potential (Mmajunkie.com, 2010, n.p.). Moreover, ThinkFlash chose to expand in the United States since the American music industry generated 30 percent of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s total revenue of music industry. In 2012, it generated 15 billion U.S. dollars in which is 30 percent of 50 billion dollars generated by the global music industry (Statistica Inc., n.p.). Generally, musicians earn more from performances in concerts or music festivals rather than album sales which is helpful to ThinkFlash Company. They tend to travel more often to perform in concerts and entertainment companies like ThinkFlash coordinate with groups of investor s willing to sponsor musicianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s potential events. On the other hand, Japan is next to the United States when it comes to market size in music industries. Most Japanese consumers prefer to buy CDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s instead on digital copies of music albums. Hence, it is best for ThinkFlash to expand its services in Japan to create wide and firm customer relations which boosts its brand. The company also plans to expand its services in Japan by providing Anime conventions and festivals. Effects of Globalization Globalization created a wider playing field in the music industry. Nowadays, people can listen to different music around the world. However, technology has created other mediums for consumers to patronize digital piracy which declines physical sales. Instead of attending concerts or music festivals, people can watch shows through the internet via live stream of an event. This technology affects both recording companies, artists, and entertainment compa nies like ThinkFlash. In the last decade, people buy CDs or watch music channels to listen to their favourite artists. Today, globalization changed the game in music industry as it created online mediums such as Spotify and YouTube for people to listen and watch music videos. ThinkFlash believes that these factors can also affect their ticket sales in events that they organize. On the other hand, globalization has benefits for the music industry and ThinkFlash. In fact, technology helped ThinkFlash build its reputation around the world through online advertising and promotion. More people avail of tickets since online purchasing is more convenient that going to ticket stores. Websites help the company to spread information regarding upcoming concerts of international and local artists. Online advertisements and promotion will help ThinkFlash to inform Japanese consumers about upcoming events that they will organize in the country. The Political Economy of International Trade ( Week 2-4) Government Intervention Different governments around the world have their own intervention strategies on every type of market that exists in a country. For instance, some governments give cash grants and low-interest loans to subsidize domestic producers. Another intervention strategy is by implementing bureaucratic rules designed to remove threats in local industries. Governments also apply rules to punish foreign firms selling goods below fair market value in their local market. These intervention strategies focus on protecting domestic producers from foreign competition. UAE Government Intervention Strategies The UAE government has its own strategies to protect the Emirati music industry especially its wholly-owned entertainment company, ThinkFlash. It intervenes in many aspects and an example is by passing of laws that protects intellectual rights, security police during events, and employee assistance. The government prioritized protection of intellectual property to protect the rights of musicians (Olson, 2011, n.p.). As a result, it encourages them to produce more albums and perform in a concert in UAE where they sell high. The government also provides security police in every event that ThinkFlash produce. UAE police is in charge of crowd control, ticketing, and health and safety to give a safe and memorable experience to all event attendees. UAE government helps people who work in ThinkFlash. Since most of employees in this exciting field are young and ambitious Emiratis, the government set up student programmes and internships to further their knowledge and skills. For non-UAE residents, the government gives them a chance to Emiratisation. Political and Economic Arguments for UAE Intervention In terms of market, ThinkFlash holds most events during UAE holidays to boost sales when more people are on vacation. The government welcomes artists with premier hospitality by taking them to some tourist spots to give them a memorab le experience and encourage them to come back to UAE. The government also intervenes financially by imposing Ad valorem taxes to artists performing on events. The political argument for UAE governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intervention in ThinkFlash is that it is essential to protect jobs. As explained above, ThinkFlash provides above average benefits to its employees which affect consumers as they pay higher amount to avail tickets to attend events. In economic argument, the government protected ThinkFlash until it became viable and globally competitive which what most economists refer to as the infant industry argument. Today, the company is competitive enough to expand in Japan as it is capable of raising needed funds without additional support from the government. Political and Economic Systems The four political systems are collectivism, individualism, democracy and totalitarianism (Hill, 2005, p. 37). A government uses collectivism theory when it gives the best for a certai n group, community, or society and not individual interests. In relation to business, it is political system where the government controls firms and organizations to represent all the people in a country. Individualism is the opposite of collectivism where the government believes that each person should work for their own advantage. Democracy takes place when government gives its citizens a power to be directly involved in decision-making by voting for officers and representatives. Lastly, a government practices totalitarianism system when it monopolizes power through communist, religious, or tribal party. The four economic systems are market, command, and mixed economies (Hill, 2005, p. 39). In market economy, private individuals own all profit organizations which depend on supply and demand. Command economy is a system where a government owns organizations and allocated resources to its people. Lastly, mixed economy is combination of market and command economy where private ind ividuals own some organizations and government controls the rest. In relation to the market in UAE, ThinkFlash is one of the enterprises that UAE government owns to help society as a whole, rather than private individuals. This system is same with Japan which is a democratic nation their people vote government officials who will govern the country. Japan also has mixed economy which is helpful since it allows ThinkFlash to move freely in the Japanese market. The Strategy of International Business (Week 7) Business Value and Core Competencies Business value pertains to the financial condition, customer relations, employee satisfaction, supplier value, and ethical value of an organization. There are many ways to create value in general. An organization must make realistic goals and promises about its products and services to build credibility on customers. With the use of information technology, an organization can also create business value through high technology systems. A dvance technology can improve transaction speed and accuracy which are essential to increase productivity and performance. Giving leadership training programs and seminars to employees can also add to business value as it helps an organization to keep and attract skilled workers. Lastly, business value develops by strengthening core competencies which are important to an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s long-term success. These strategies to create business value are also effective upon ThinkFlashà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s expansion in Japan. The company must create value in Japanese market by attracting and retaining skilled employees; exceeding customer expectations; building a good reputation; keeping high standards in event production; and encouraging teamwork and cooperation among employees. It is important for every organization to always follow its core competencies since these are internal factors which are unique to their business. ThinkFlashà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s main core compete ncy is innovation. It is unique to the entertainment company because ThinkFlash is the pioneer and leading live events company in UAE. Although the company conquered the UAE entertainment industry, its innovation continues as it now expands in the United States and Japan. Economies of Scale, Learning Curve, and Location Economies Economies of scale pertain to increase in production units which decreases costs from suppliers and creditors. This concept is beneficial to ThinkFlash for the reason that event suppliers usually offer discounts for bulk orders and shippers may decrease shipping costs for large volume of items. Companies use the Learning Curve principle when they face trouble in introducing a product or a service or entering a new market. ThinkFlash faced same problem and used this theory when they entered the United States market. The company successfully entered the foreign market as it efficiently anticipated that entering the American music industry was too early and its alternative strategy is to invest in field of sports like the UFC. Lastly, Location Economies are regions or areas where a firm establishes its business. Organizations consider transportation and distribution costs of raw materials in choosing a location (EncyclopÃÆ' ¦dia Britannica, 2015). As for ThinkFlash, Japan is the best place to expand in Asia because it is an island nation. Hence, transportation and distribution of raw materials is easy compared to other East Asian countries. Competitive Pressures in Japan Market The two types of pressures in the Global Marketplace are pressures for cost reductions and pressures to be locally responsive (Hill, 2005, p. 52). ThinkFlash relates to pressures for local responsiveness in many ways. For instance, consumers differ in tastes and preferences which is a challenge to the company when they hold concerts featuring different artists. On the other hand, it will be an extra pressure to them to expand in Japan because of its different customs and traditions. To end these two pressures, an organization can use the four basic strategies; global standardization, localization, transnational, international (Hill, 2005, p. 54). Among these four strategies, transnational strategy suits ThinkFlash Company. It aims to meet low costs through the three concepts discussed above. Transnational strategy is effective since cost pressures are intense in Japan market as well as the pressures for local responsiveness. References EncyclopÃÆ' ¦dia Britannica. (2015).Encyclopedia Britannica(2nded., Vol. 3, p.32). RetrievedMay15, 2015, from https://www.britannica.com/ Flash Entertainment. (2013).ThinkFlash About Us. RetrievedMay15, 2015, from https://www.thinkflash.ae/ Hill,C.W. (2005). National differences in political economy. InInternational business: competing in the global marketplace(7thed., pp.36-54). Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Magloff,L. (2015). How do I create business value? RetrievedMay15, 20 15, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/create-business-value-5266.html Mmajunkie.com. (2010, January 12).Abu Dhabi-owned Flash Entertainment buys 10 percent of UFCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s parent company | MMAjunkie. Retrieved from https://mmajunkie.com/2010/01/abu-dhabi-owned-flash-entertainment-buys-10-percent-of-ufcs-parent-company Olson,M. (2011, December 13). New copyright laws to curb film and music pirates.National[UAE], p.B6. Retrieved from https://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/technology/new-copyright-laws-to-curb-film-and-music-pirates Statista Inc. (2012).U.S. Music Industry Statistics Facts. RetrievedMay14, 2015, from https://www.statista.com/topics/1639/music/ Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International Business: ThinkFlash Company" essay for you Create order

Modern Day Society And Creative Industries - 949 Words

Scriptwriters and Their Role in Modern-Day Society What would Hollywood and its producers do without scriptwriters? A person with a camera can only do so much on their own; without a script — there is no story to build a movie up from. Essentially, an excellent script is the foundation for a brilliant movie. Furthermore, scriptwriting has been an interest of mine since my seventh grade year in middle school, which was when I was first exposed to drama. I was not a huge fan of getting up on a stage; however, I greatly enjoyed the writing aspect of the class. I connected with the idea of telling somebody a story without having to look them directly in the eyes, and I still feel this way today. Due to this feeling, I sense that I would make a decent scriptwriter. Carrying on, this paper further examines the substantial role of the scriptwriter in modern-day society and creative industries. According to the National Careers Service, a career search website based in the United Kingdom, scriptwriters are writers who create sc reenplays (2015). Constructing characters, shaping dialogue, and writing an engaging plot are all part of a scriptwriter’s profession (AllAboutCareers Ltd, 2015). As a screenwriter, one might expect to develop their own original ideas through writing and words to sell to producers. Some producers may even commission a scriptwriter to create a screenplay based on an idea or true story. Additionally, scriptwriters are often asked to adapt an existingShow MoreRelatedThe Arts Administration Is Also Known As Arts Management1593 Words   |  7 Pages The arts administration is also known as arts management industry is seen as a broad and ill-defined career, as the manager gets the opportunity to explore a wide variety of roles within an arts organisation. Arts management revolves around business operations surrounding any arts organisation. An arts manager is an administrator that organise and facilitates with the day to day business activities of an arts company; this could involve writing a business report, working alongside the artisticRead MoreAn Organization s Corporate Social Responsibility957 Words   |  4 Pagesout for the different interests of society. Most business corporations undertake responsibility for the impact of their organizational pursuits and various activities on their customers, employees, shareholders, communities and the environment. With the high volume of general competition between different companies and organizations in varied fields, CSR has become a morally imperative commitment, more than one enforced by the law. Most organizations in the modern world willingly try to improve theRead MoreEssay Responsibilities of the Media1579 Words   |  7 Pageson in and around the world, investigating stories and delivering information to a large and diverse audience. The media channels news through television, radio, newspapers, internet, and other products that reach people, groups, and societies. Not only does the news play an investigative role or cover entertainment, but spends time in sustaining democracy, by covering stories in volatile countries so that readers stay informed of current situations. 2) The significanceRead MoreDisadvantages Of Capitalism1594 Words   |  7 Pagesaction. The concept of capitalism is a very important concept to the United States and many other countries whose citizens value freedom and independency. Capitalism has many different aspects to it. First, capitalism is a social system. The trade and industry of a capitalist country is based off of private owners and not the government. Capitalism is centered around the rights of the individuals. It allows the individual to make his or her own decisions. Capitalism is usually open to new ideas, new firmsRead MoreThe Colonization Of Economic, Democratic And Industrial Effects On The Colonised Countries1720 Words   |  7 Pagesis a positive relationship between the Empires and their legacies of economic, democratic and industrial effects on the colonised countries. These, as well the cross-cultural exchange that occurs during colonisation, had the foundation to build the modern world that we are curren tly living in. This essay will discuss how the various Empires were able to depart their ideas upon their colonised nations in such a way that there are long-term benefits that are being reaped from now prosperous and stableRead MoreThe Relationship Between Art And Commerce1261 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluences artistic and creative potential of the art while art is viewed as a form of creative and cultural luxury that needs protection from external corruption. This argument has been brought up continually in academia, all similarly suggesting that there is something inherent in commerce and economics that undermines the purpose and authenticity of art. Whether this be the classic Bourdieun analysis of for-profit industries and their negative influence on art culture or the modern day parent who viewsRead MoreHip Hop, A And Creative Aspect Of Music928 Words   |  4 PagesBreaking through in the heart of the Bronx, Hip Hop was designed to empower and teach the youth, while providing them an outlet for creative expression. Developed on five essential pillars, all working towards: giving African Americans knowledge that they didn’t have access to, inspiring them to read and acquire true knowledge of self, and to understand the role that self has in America in relation to the actual worth of self. Since the inception of Hip Hop, the genre has evolved through the timesRead MoreMad Men : The Center Of American Advertising Industry1363 Words   |  6 Pagescenter of American advertising industry. â€Å"Mad Men† was a term coined by those in the industry in reference about themselves. The show already has so much value built in that reflects the time period all within the pilot episode. The show follows Don Draper played by Jon Hamm, who is the creative director of the agency. The acting on Mad Men and his historical accuracy all adds up and I can see why it still remains to be a popular television series. The advertising industry appears to be what we knowRead MoreAn Overview On Modern Day Entertainment1409 Words   |  6 PagesAn Overview On Modern Day Entertainment Introduction: Computer are not only revered for their practical utility, but also for their versatility, as they are often used for a source of entertainment. Computers lead way to the Internet, which in turn spawned social media sites, video streaming and video games. Websites such as Youtube, Facebook and Twitter have gained so much traction in current day entertainment. A fun night out now consists of purely technological components: you begin movie nightRead MoreOrganizational Development And Employee Engagement1176 Words   |  5 Pages(Sissoms, n.d.). I would push for a talent management program because I believe it would make our HR department seen innovative, creative and the â€Å"people’s partner†? Talent management is a way that HR can improve the performance of the organization by way of change management, and influence strategy and other valued activities that can impact, effectiveness† (Society for Human Resource Management, 2011, p. 45). It has been acceptable for many businesses that the concept of talent management is being

Australia’s Response to the Threat of Communism Free Essays

Australia’s Response to the threat of Communism Australia’s Response to the threat of Communism Australia’s response to the threat of communism after WW2 was extraordinary. Australia and its politicians immediately recognised what could happen of a result of the domino theory. With the Soviet Union influencing so many countries and causing China, Vietnam, and North Korea to turn Communist it was only matter of time until it reached Australia, and all in all this was when Australia took action. We will write a custom essay sample on Australia’s Response to the Threat of Communism or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the end of WW2 in 1945 the world thought that peace was about, but that was when the lashings of communism rained upon the world. This was when Robert Menzies took advantage of Australia’s fear and hatred for communism and used to win himself many elections. Menzies who was the opposition leader in 1949 and made a speech in this year about his fight against communism that nearly 4000 people attended in Hurstville, NSW. It was quoted next day in a newspaper article with the headline, â€Å"WE WILL THRASH REDS†. â€Å"We are going to declare war on Communists; we are going to give them a thrashing. † Many speeches including lines just like these were what won the Menzies over to the majority of Australia. Australians wanted to stay a democracy they wanted someone who could lead them away from all this and respond against communism and that’s why they choose Menzies. This was one of the main reasons for Menzies becoming Australia’s longest serving Prime Minister. What also helped Menzies in his campaigning, as quoted in the newspaper article about Menzies, was that he was going to ban the Bank Nationalisation Act, which would nationalise all banks in Australia making them into the public ownership of the government. This was extremely important for Australia as if this act was allowed to keep going it would be one of the first steps to communism. Another Aspect that won over the people of Australia for Menzies and his non-communist government was the Petrov Affair. The Petrov affair helped Menzies liberal vote’s sky- rocket. This was due to the fact that with Petrov wanting to defect and seek political asylum in Australia as he was a Soviet member, Menzies used it to win over the Australian people. As the people truly hated communism and did not want it to take over Australia, Menzies took great advantage of this. Menzies went on about how the Petrov Affair proved he had been right all along and with the suggestion of Soviet spies (this is what he did with Petrov, he told the public that he was a Soviet spy and that he should be investigated), and the danger of communism, he tried to ban the communist party. He even used this to embarrass the labour party as much as he suggested that they were soft on communism and had people in their government that were for communism. Even the idea of this is what put the Australian people over the edge and convinced many to vote for Menzies. Australia responded quite differently to Asian nations to communism within themselves, as they wanted to reject the idea, as proved with Menzies election wins. But Australia’s response to communism beyond Australian borders emphasises their idea on communism. Australia’s response within Australia was quite extensive but the response of Australia beyond its borders was even bigger. After WW2 the Soviet Union choose a different path to the United States, Britain and all of their allies. The Soviet Union under rule of Joseph Stalin became communist and had major influences among other countries in Asia. Soon after the Soviet Union became communist, Korea divided in 1945 with North being communist and South being non-communist. China followed thereafter in 1949 and in June 1951 North Korea decided it’s time for all of Korea to become communist. It was then that Australia had sent forces to fight alongside the United States in the Korean War. Australia ended up sending a squadron of the RAAF, two battalions of the Australian army, naval forces containing of an aircraft carrier and two destroyers. This was due to the ANZUS treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand and the United States in 1950. Australia took part in the ANZUS treaty because they were a really small country at the time and still is. They felt threatened by communism spreading through Asia and wanted to prevent it from reaching Australia. Australia could not do this on their own and therefore looked for support from a bigger nation. This was a problem because before the WWII Australia had always relied on Britain but that had changed after Japan’s annulation of Britain in Singapore during the war. Now Australia needed someone new and with the threat of communism they looked towards America. The ANZUS treaty provided Australia with a â€Å"protector† especially from communism as it states in article 4 of the ANZUS treaty, â€Å"Each Party recognizes that an armed attack in the Pacific Area on any of the Parties would be dangerous to its own peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional processes. This clearly states that if Australia or New Zealand, being in the Pacific were attacked the United States would come to their aid. This treaty was also at a great advantage to Australia as The US were not trying to overtake them as it also clearly states in article six of the ANZUS treaty, â€Å"This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security. The Korean War went on for three years and throughout the struggle Australia kept on supporting the South Koreans and fighting alongside the United States. In 1953 an armistice was finally signed between North and South Korea and they were both divided again at the 38th parallel which is where they are still divided today. That was an example of Australia’s response to the threat of communism not within Australia but out in Asia. SECURITY TREATY BETWEEN AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE PARTIES TO THIS TREATY, REAFFIRMING their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all Governments, and desiring to strengthen the fabric of peace in the Pacific Area, NOTING that the United States already has arrangements pursuant to which its armed forces are stationed in the Philippines, and has armed forces and administrative responsibilities in the Ryukyus, and upon the coming into force of the Japanese Peace Treaty may also station armed forces in and about Japan to assist in the preservation of peace and security in the Japan Area, RECOGNIZING that Australia and New Zealand as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations have military obligations outside as well as within the Pacific Area, DESIRING to declare publicly and formally their sense of unity, so that no potential aggressor could be under the illusion that any of them stand alone in the Pacific Area, and DESIRING further to coordinate their efforts for collective defense for the preservation of peace and security pending the development of a more comprehensive system of regional security in the Pacific Area, THEREFORE DECLARE AND AGREE as follows: Article I The Parties undertake, as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, to settle any international disputes in which they may be involved by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security and justice are not endangered and to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations. Article II In order more effectively to achieve the objective of this Treaty the Parties separately and jointly by means of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack. Article III The Parties will consult together whenever in the opinion of any of them the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the Parties is threatened in the Pacific. Article IV Each Party recognizes that an armed attack in the Pacific Area on any of the Parties would be dangerous to its own peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional processes. Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall be immediately reported to the Security Council of the United Nations. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security. Article V For the purpose of Article IV, an armed attack on any of the Parties is deemed to include an armed attack on the metropolitan territory of any of the Parties, or on the island territories under its jurisdiction in the Pacific or on its armed forces, public vessels or aircraft in the Pacific. Article VI This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security. Article VII The Parties hereby establish a Council, consisting of their Foreign Ministers or their Deputies, to consider matters concerning the implementation of this Treaty. The Council should be so organized as to be able to meet at any time. Article VIII Pending the development of a more comprehensive system of regional security in the Pacific Area and the development by the United Nations of more effective means to maintain international peace and security, the Council, established by Article VII, is authorized to maintain a consultative relationship with States, Regional Organizations, Associations of States or other authorities in the Pacific Area in a position to further the purposes of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of that Area. Article IX This Treaty shall be ratified by the Parties in accordance with their respective constitutional processes. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited as soon as possible with the Government of Australia, which will notify each of the other signatories of such deposit. The Treaty shall enter into force as soon as the ratifications of the signatories have been deposited. [1] Article X This Treaty shall remain in force indefinitely. Any Party may cease to be a member of the Council established by Article VII one year after notice has been given to the Government of Australia, which will inform the Governments of the other Parties of the deposit of such notice. Article XI This Treaty in the English language shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of Australia. Duly certified copies thereof will be transmitted by that Government to the Governments of each of the other signatories. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty. DONE at the city of San Francisco this first day of September, 1951. FOR AUSTRALIA: [Signed:] PERCY C SPENDER FOR NEW ZEALAND: [Signed:] C A BERENDSEN FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: [Signed:] DEAN ACHESON JOHN FOSTER DULLES ALEXANDER WILEY JOHN J SPARKMAN [1] Instruments of ratification were deposited for Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America 29 April 1952, on which date the Treaty entered into force. How to cite Australia’s Response to the Threat of Communism, Essay examples