Meet our newest Admissions Program Assistants (PA) COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Meet our newest Admissions Program Assistants (PA) COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Each year we are blessed to have an enthusiastic core group of SIPA graduate students serve as Admission Program Assistants (PA).   For prospective students interested in hearing the SIPA student perspective, the PA is here to provide that insight.   Chances are you will meet one or two or all of them during the admissions process either in the office, online or on the telephone. We will post a few QA responses from each of them in the next few days so you get to know who is on the other end.   Our wonderful PAs come from different backgrounds and experiences and bring a diverse perspective.   They will also be a great resource on what to do (and not do) as you consider going back to school since theyve all been where you are now. Eric Medina, MPA 2015 is concentrating in International Security Policy with a focus on the United States (specialization) What was your previous professional experience? I spent 10 years in the United States Army. I was assigned to Fort Bragg, NC for the majority of my career. My first international assignment was a combat deployment to Afghanistan with the 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne). My last international assignment was as the Military Development Liaison Officer to the United States Embassy in the Philippines. What kind of work do you want to do when you graduate? I would like to work in the Intelligence Community as a policy advisor for senior government officials. What has been the best part of your SIPA experience? The best part has been the friends I’ve made. The diversity of the student body never ceases to amaze me. The opinions and perspectives they bring to conversations regarding domestic and international policy is by far something I have not experienced elsewhere. Do you feel like you have gotten to know some of the faculty members? Yes, the faculty at SIPA is exceptional. Not only are there brilliant scholars, but also many are still current practitioners in their field. The experience and insights they bring into the classroom is immeasurable.

International Business ThinkFlash Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1953 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Did you like this example? International Business: ThinkFlash Company Globalization (Week 1) Nature and Industry ThinkFlash Company is an Abu Dhabi-based entertainment company which manages live events from its concept development and design, advertising, sponsorship, artist contacts and operations. This wholly owned subsidiary of Abu Dhabià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s government operates through teams of passionate professionals whose specialty focus on creating movie premieres, classical shows, international tennis matches and celebrity music concerts (Flash Entertainment, 2013). This company is more known as Flash Entertainment boasts of its wide range of connection in other industries such as music, sports and leisure. It allows them to produce exceptional event programmes in Abu Dhabi by bringing significant global properties to the capital and fit them to the vibrant interests of the area. Export and Market size Flash Entertainment plans to expand its operation overseas to deliver the biggest and most memorable live events on earth. By expanding worldwide, ThinkFlash creates a bigger market size for the business. Recently, the company bought ten percent shares in the famous Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) owned by Zuffa, LLC. It expands by investing in overseas companies like the UFC where they see a tremendous global potential (Mmajunkie.com, 2010, n.p.). Moreover, ThinkFlash chose to expand in the United States since the American music industry generated 30 percent of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s total revenue of music industry. In 2012, it generated 15 billion U.S. dollars in which is 30 percent of 50 billion dollars generated by the global music industry (Statistica Inc., n.p.). Generally, musicians earn more from performances in concerts or music festivals rather than album sales which is helpful to ThinkFlash Company. They tend to travel more often to perform in concerts and entertainment companies like ThinkFlash coordinate with groups of investor s willing to sponsor musicianà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s potential events. On the other hand, Japan is next to the United States when it comes to market size in music industries. Most Japanese consumers prefer to buy CDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s instead on digital copies of music albums. Hence, it is best for ThinkFlash to expand its services in Japan to create wide and firm customer relations which boosts its brand. The company also plans to expand its services in Japan by providing Anime conventions and festivals. Effects of Globalization Globalization created a wider playing field in the music industry. Nowadays, people can listen to different music around the world. However, technology has created other mediums for consumers to patronize digital piracy which declines physical sales. Instead of attending concerts or music festivals, people can watch shows through the internet via live stream of an event. This technology affects both recording companies, artists, and entertainment compa nies like ThinkFlash. In the last decade, people buy CDs or watch music channels to listen to their favourite artists. Today, globalization changed the game in music industry as it created online mediums such as Spotify and YouTube for people to listen and watch music videos. ThinkFlash believes that these factors can also affect their ticket sales in events that they organize. On the other hand, globalization has benefits for the music industry and ThinkFlash. In fact, technology helped ThinkFlash build its reputation around the world through online advertising and promotion. More people avail of tickets since online purchasing is more convenient that going to ticket stores. Websites help the company to spread information regarding upcoming concerts of international and local artists. Online advertisements and promotion will help ThinkFlash to inform Japanese consumers about upcoming events that they will organize in the country. The Political Economy of International Trade ( Week 2-4) Government Intervention Different governments around the world have their own intervention strategies on every type of market that exists in a country. For instance, some governments give cash grants and low-interest loans to subsidize domestic producers. Another intervention strategy is by implementing bureaucratic rules designed to remove threats in local industries. Governments also apply rules to punish foreign firms selling goods below fair market value in their local market. These intervention strategies focus on protecting domestic producers from foreign competition. UAE Government Intervention Strategies The UAE government has its own strategies to protect the Emirati music industry especially its wholly-owned entertainment company, ThinkFlash. It intervenes in many aspects and an example is by passing of laws that protects intellectual rights, security police during events, and employee assistance. The government prioritized protection of intellectual property to protect the rights of musicians (Olson, 2011, n.p.). As a result, it encourages them to produce more albums and perform in a concert in UAE where they sell high. The government also provides security police in every event that ThinkFlash produce. UAE police is in charge of crowd control, ticketing, and health and safety to give a safe and memorable experience to all event attendees. UAE government helps people who work in ThinkFlash. Since most of employees in this exciting field are young and ambitious Emiratis, the government set up student programmes and internships to further their knowledge and skills. For non-UAE residents, the government gives them a chance to Emiratisation. Political and Economic Arguments for UAE Intervention In terms of market, ThinkFlash holds most events during UAE holidays to boost sales when more people are on vacation. The government welcomes artists with premier hospitality by taking them to some tourist spots to give them a memorab le experience and encourage them to come back to UAE. The government also intervenes financially by imposing Ad valorem taxes to artists performing on events. The political argument for UAE governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intervention in ThinkFlash is that it is essential to protect jobs. As explained above, ThinkFlash provides above average benefits to its employees which affect consumers as they pay higher amount to avail tickets to attend events. In economic argument, the government protected ThinkFlash until it became viable and globally competitive which what most economists refer to as the infant industry argument. Today, the company is competitive enough to expand in Japan as it is capable of raising needed funds without additional support from the government. Political and Economic Systems The four political systems are collectivism, individualism, democracy and totalitarianism (Hill, 2005, p. 37). A government uses collectivism theory when it gives the best for a certai n group, community, or society and not individual interests. In relation to business, it is political system where the government controls firms and organizations to represent all the people in a country. Individualism is the opposite of collectivism where the government believes that each person should work for their own advantage. Democracy takes place when government gives its citizens a power to be directly involved in decision-making by voting for officers and representatives. Lastly, a government practices totalitarianism system when it monopolizes power through communist, religious, or tribal party. The four economic systems are market, command, and mixed economies (Hill, 2005, p. 39). In market economy, private individuals own all profit organizations which depend on supply and demand. Command economy is a system where a government owns organizations and allocated resources to its people. Lastly, mixed economy is combination of market and command economy where private ind ividuals own some organizations and government controls the rest. In relation to the market in UAE, ThinkFlash is one of the enterprises that UAE government owns to help society as a whole, rather than private individuals. This system is same with Japan which is a democratic nation their people vote government officials who will govern the country. Japan also has mixed economy which is helpful since it allows ThinkFlash to move freely in the Japanese market. The Strategy of International Business (Week 7) Business Value and Core Competencies Business value pertains to the financial condition, customer relations, employee satisfaction, supplier value, and ethical value of an organization. There are many ways to create value in general. An organization must make realistic goals and promises about its products and services to build credibility on customers. With the use of information technology, an organization can also create business value through high technology systems. A dvance technology can improve transaction speed and accuracy which are essential to increase productivity and performance. Giving leadership training programs and seminars to employees can also add to business value as it helps an organization to keep and attract skilled workers. Lastly, business value develops by strengthening core competencies which are important to an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s long-term success. These strategies to create business value are also effective upon ThinkFlashà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s expansion in Japan. The company must create value in Japanese market by attracting and retaining skilled employees; exceeding customer expectations; building a good reputation; keeping high standards in event production; and encouraging teamwork and cooperation among employees. It is important for every organization to always follow its core competencies since these are internal factors which are unique to their business. ThinkFlashà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s main core compete ncy is innovation. It is unique to the entertainment company because ThinkFlash is the pioneer and leading live events company in UAE. Although the company conquered the UAE entertainment industry, its innovation continues as it now expands in the United States and Japan. Economies of Scale, Learning Curve, and Location Economies Economies of scale pertain to increase in production units which decreases costs from suppliers and creditors. This concept is beneficial to ThinkFlash for the reason that event suppliers usually offer discounts for bulk orders and shippers may decrease shipping costs for large volume of items. Companies use the Learning Curve principle when they face trouble in introducing a product or a service or entering a new market. ThinkFlash faced same problem and used this theory when they entered the United States market. The company successfully entered the foreign market as it efficiently anticipated that entering the American music industry was too early and its alternative strategy is to invest in field of sports like the UFC. Lastly, Location Economies are regions or areas where a firm establishes its business. Organizations consider transportation and distribution costs of raw materials in choosing a location (EncyclopÃÆ' ¦dia Britannica, 2015). As for ThinkFlash, Japan is the best place to expand in Asia because it is an island nation. Hence, transportation and distribution of raw materials is easy compared to other East Asian countries. Competitive Pressures in Japan Market The two types of pressures in the Global Marketplace are pressures for cost reductions and pressures to be locally responsive (Hill, 2005, p. 52). ThinkFlash relates to pressures for local responsiveness in many ways. For instance, consumers differ in tastes and preferences which is a challenge to the company when they hold concerts featuring different artists. On the other hand, it will be an extra pressure to them to expand in Japan because of its different customs and traditions. To end these two pressures, an organization can use the four basic strategies; global standardization, localization, transnational, international (Hill, 2005, p. 54). Among these four strategies, transnational strategy suits ThinkFlash Company. It aims to meet low costs through the three concepts discussed above. Transnational strategy is effective since cost pressures are intense in Japan market as well as the pressures for local responsiveness. References EncyclopÃÆ' ¦dia Britannica. (2015).Encyclopedia Britannica(2nded., Vol. 3, p.32). RetrievedMay15, 2015, from https://www.britannica.com/ Flash Entertainment. (2013).ThinkFlash About Us. RetrievedMay15, 2015, from https://www.thinkflash.ae/ Hill,C.W. (2005). National differences in political economy. InInternational business: competing in the global marketplace(7thed., pp.36-54). Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Magloff,L. (2015). How do I create business value? RetrievedMay15, 20 15, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/create-business-value-5266.html Mmajunkie.com. (2010, January 12).Abu Dhabi-owned Flash Entertainment buys 10 percent of UFCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s parent company | MMAjunkie. Retrieved from https://mmajunkie.com/2010/01/abu-dhabi-owned-flash-entertainment-buys-10-percent-of-ufcs-parent-company Olson,M. (2011, December 13). New copyright laws to curb film and music pirates.National[UAE], p.B6. Retrieved from https://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/technology/new-copyright-laws-to-curb-film-and-music-pirates Statista Inc. (2012).U.S. Music Industry Statistics Facts. RetrievedMay14, 2015, from https://www.statista.com/topics/1639/music/ Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International Business: ThinkFlash Company" essay for you Create order

Modern Day Society And Creative Industries - 949 Words

Scriptwriters and Their Role in Modern-Day Society What would Hollywood and its producers do without scriptwriters? A person with a camera can only do so much on their own; without a script — there is no story to build a movie up from. Essentially, an excellent script is the foundation for a brilliant movie. Furthermore, scriptwriting has been an interest of mine since my seventh grade year in middle school, which was when I was first exposed to drama. I was not a huge fan of getting up on a stage; however, I greatly enjoyed the writing aspect of the class. I connected with the idea of telling somebody a story without having to look them directly in the eyes, and I still feel this way today. Due to this feeling, I sense that I would make a decent scriptwriter. Carrying on, this paper further examines the substantial role of the scriptwriter in modern-day society and creative industries. According to the National Careers Service, a career search website based in the United Kingdom, scriptwriters are writers who create sc reenplays (2015). Constructing characters, shaping dialogue, and writing an engaging plot are all part of a scriptwriter’s profession (AllAboutCareers Ltd, 2015). As a screenwriter, one might expect to develop their own original ideas through writing and words to sell to producers. Some producers may even commission a scriptwriter to create a screenplay based on an idea or true story. Additionally, scriptwriters are often asked to adapt an existingShow MoreRelatedThe Arts Administration Is Also Known As Arts Management1593 Words   |  7 Pages The arts administration is also known as arts management industry is seen as a broad and ill-defined career, as the manager gets the opportunity to explore a wide variety of roles within an arts organisation. Arts management revolves around business operations surrounding any arts organisation. 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Australia’s Response to the Threat of Communism Free Essays

Australia’s Response to the threat of Communism Australia’s Response to the threat of Communism Australia’s response to the threat of communism after WW2 was extraordinary. Australia and its politicians immediately recognised what could happen of a result of the domino theory. With the Soviet Union influencing so many countries and causing China, Vietnam, and North Korea to turn Communist it was only matter of time until it reached Australia, and all in all this was when Australia took action. We will write a custom essay sample on Australia’s Response to the Threat of Communism or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the end of WW2 in 1945 the world thought that peace was about, but that was when the lashings of communism rained upon the world. This was when Robert Menzies took advantage of Australia’s fear and hatred for communism and used to win himself many elections. Menzies who was the opposition leader in 1949 and made a speech in this year about his fight against communism that nearly 4000 people attended in Hurstville, NSW. It was quoted next day in a newspaper article with the headline, â€Å"WE WILL THRASH REDS†. â€Å"We are going to declare war on Communists; we are going to give them a thrashing. † Many speeches including lines just like these were what won the Menzies over to the majority of Australia. Australians wanted to stay a democracy they wanted someone who could lead them away from all this and respond against communism and that’s why they choose Menzies. This was one of the main reasons for Menzies becoming Australia’s longest serving Prime Minister. What also helped Menzies in his campaigning, as quoted in the newspaper article about Menzies, was that he was going to ban the Bank Nationalisation Act, which would nationalise all banks in Australia making them into the public ownership of the government. This was extremely important for Australia as if this act was allowed to keep going it would be one of the first steps to communism. Another Aspect that won over the people of Australia for Menzies and his non-communist government was the Petrov Affair. The Petrov affair helped Menzies liberal vote’s sky- rocket. This was due to the fact that with Petrov wanting to defect and seek political asylum in Australia as he was a Soviet member, Menzies used it to win over the Australian people. As the people truly hated communism and did not want it to take over Australia, Menzies took great advantage of this. Menzies went on about how the Petrov Affair proved he had been right all along and with the suggestion of Soviet spies (this is what he did with Petrov, he told the public that he was a Soviet spy and that he should be investigated), and the danger of communism, he tried to ban the communist party. He even used this to embarrass the labour party as much as he suggested that they were soft on communism and had people in their government that were for communism. Even the idea of this is what put the Australian people over the edge and convinced many to vote for Menzies. Australia responded quite differently to Asian nations to communism within themselves, as they wanted to reject the idea, as proved with Menzies election wins. But Australia’s response to communism beyond Australian borders emphasises their idea on communism. Australia’s response within Australia was quite extensive but the response of Australia beyond its borders was even bigger. After WW2 the Soviet Union choose a different path to the United States, Britain and all of their allies. The Soviet Union under rule of Joseph Stalin became communist and had major influences among other countries in Asia. Soon after the Soviet Union became communist, Korea divided in 1945 with North being communist and South being non-communist. China followed thereafter in 1949 and in June 1951 North Korea decided it’s time for all of Korea to become communist. It was then that Australia had sent forces to fight alongside the United States in the Korean War. Australia ended up sending a squadron of the RAAF, two battalions of the Australian army, naval forces containing of an aircraft carrier and two destroyers. This was due to the ANZUS treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand and the United States in 1950. Australia took part in the ANZUS treaty because they were a really small country at the time and still is. They felt threatened by communism spreading through Asia and wanted to prevent it from reaching Australia. Australia could not do this on their own and therefore looked for support from a bigger nation. This was a problem because before the WWII Australia had always relied on Britain but that had changed after Japan’s annulation of Britain in Singapore during the war. Now Australia needed someone new and with the threat of communism they looked towards America. The ANZUS treaty provided Australia with a â€Å"protector† especially from communism as it states in article 4 of the ANZUS treaty, â€Å"Each Party recognizes that an armed attack in the Pacific Area on any of the Parties would be dangerous to its own peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional processes. This clearly states that if Australia or New Zealand, being in the Pacific were attacked the United States would come to their aid. This treaty was also at a great advantage to Australia as The US were not trying to overtake them as it also clearly states in article six of the ANZUS treaty, â€Å"This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security. The Korean War went on for three years and throughout the struggle Australia kept on supporting the South Koreans and fighting alongside the United States. In 1953 an armistice was finally signed between North and South Korea and they were both divided again at the 38th parallel which is where they are still divided today. That was an example of Australia’s response to the threat of communism not within Australia but out in Asia. SECURITY TREATY BETWEEN AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE PARTIES TO THIS TREATY, REAFFIRMING their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all Governments, and desiring to strengthen the fabric of peace in the Pacific Area, NOTING that the United States already has arrangements pursuant to which its armed forces are stationed in the Philippines, and has armed forces and administrative responsibilities in the Ryukyus, and upon the coming into force of the Japanese Peace Treaty may also station armed forces in and about Japan to assist in the preservation of peace and security in the Japan Area, RECOGNIZING that Australia and New Zealand as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations have military obligations outside as well as within the Pacific Area, DESIRING to declare publicly and formally their sense of unity, so that no potential aggressor could be under the illusion that any of them stand alone in the Pacific Area, and DESIRING further to coordinate their efforts for collective defense for the preservation of peace and security pending the development of a more comprehensive system of regional security in the Pacific Area, THEREFORE DECLARE AND AGREE as follows: Article I The Parties undertake, as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, to settle any international disputes in which they may be involved by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security and justice are not endangered and to refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations. Article II In order more effectively to achieve the objective of this Treaty the Parties separately and jointly by means of continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid will maintain and develop their individual and collective capacity to resist armed attack. Article III The Parties will consult together whenever in the opinion of any of them the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the Parties is threatened in the Pacific. Article IV Each Party recognizes that an armed attack in the Pacific Area on any of the Parties would be dangerous to its own peace and safety and declares that it would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional processes. Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall be immediately reported to the Security Council of the United Nations. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security. Article V For the purpose of Article IV, an armed attack on any of the Parties is deemed to include an armed attack on the metropolitan territory of any of the Parties, or on the island territories under its jurisdiction in the Pacific or on its armed forces, public vessels or aircraft in the Pacific. Article VI This Treaty does not affect and shall not be interpreted as affecting in any way the rights and obligations of the Parties under the Charter of the United Nations or the responsibility of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security. Article VII The Parties hereby establish a Council, consisting of their Foreign Ministers or their Deputies, to consider matters concerning the implementation of this Treaty. The Council should be so organized as to be able to meet at any time. Article VIII Pending the development of a more comprehensive system of regional security in the Pacific Area and the development by the United Nations of more effective means to maintain international peace and security, the Council, established by Article VII, is authorized to maintain a consultative relationship with States, Regional Organizations, Associations of States or other authorities in the Pacific Area in a position to further the purposes of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of that Area. Article IX This Treaty shall be ratified by the Parties in accordance with their respective constitutional processes. The instruments of ratification shall be deposited as soon as possible with the Government of Australia, which will notify each of the other signatories of such deposit. The Treaty shall enter into force as soon as the ratifications of the signatories have been deposited. [1] Article X This Treaty shall remain in force indefinitely. Any Party may cease to be a member of the Council established by Article VII one year after notice has been given to the Government of Australia, which will inform the Governments of the other Parties of the deposit of such notice. Article XI This Treaty in the English language shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of Australia. Duly certified copies thereof will be transmitted by that Government to the Governments of each of the other signatories. IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have signed this Treaty. DONE at the city of San Francisco this first day of September, 1951. FOR AUSTRALIA: [Signed:] PERCY C SPENDER FOR NEW ZEALAND: [Signed:] C A BERENDSEN FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: [Signed:] DEAN ACHESON JOHN FOSTER DULLES ALEXANDER WILEY JOHN J SPARKMAN [1] Instruments of ratification were deposited for Australia, New Zealand and the United States of America 29 April 1952, on which date the Treaty entered into force. How to cite Australia’s Response to the Threat of Communism, Essay examples

Organisational Behavior free essay sample

?Inside an organization, people are expected to their best at work. Best work easier to achieve when there’s the help of motivation. Motivation is one of the important factors to create effective management inside an organization. Every person inside a company is motivated by different kind of things, for example motivation is a behaviour which and drives someone to act towards their goals in life. A motivated person will perform at maximum capacity in their job. The sense of purpose and money are the important factors that motivated people the most. There are 3 type of Elements of work motivation. Firstly the direction of behaviour which behaviours does a person chosen to perform in an organization. Second is level of effort on how hard does a person work to perform a chosen behaviour and lastly is level of persistence in when faced with obstacles, how hard does a person keep trying to perform a chosen behaviour successfully. We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sasone, Carol and Harakiewicz (2000) stated that there are 2 types of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation was described as a motivation which dependent on internal factors such as the desire to work hard and the satisfaction of accomplishing something. For example an employee was motivated to become employee of the month, so he always submits his work before the datelines. The second type of motivation is extrinsic motivation. It described as a motivation that depends on external factors such as money, believes that external factors (money) have negative effect on behaviour. The chart emphasis is on creating a positive work environment. Employer should provide a culture through Good relationships. For example managers take care of their employees. They find out about the expectations of their employees. They give clear directions and the team has fun together. Clear communications and clear goals expectations are set and plans to be shared. Reasons for doing things are clearly explained so employees can see how they fit into the big picture. Adequate resources. Managers make sure that materials, equipment and information are provided and fit for purpose. Encouragement employees are praised for getting things right. Frustrations and problems are acknowledged. The focus is on working towards goals. Recognition effort and good performance are rewarded. By establishing best practice, it is possible to measure the benchmarks or standards it has set. Developing a motivating culture takes time and effort. Managers and team leaders are given in-depth training. This allows them to develop a strategic, long-term approach to building a culture of customer care through motivated people. Motivation Training gives employees an understanding of motivation principles and techniques, so everyone buys into business goals. This helps to raise standards of performance across the business. Team leaders need to understand the needs of the people they manage to ensure they apply the right motivating factors for individuals. During training, managers learn to assess the motivation culture. For example, a branch with highly motivated employees may demonstrate by answering the phone before the working day starts And working together as a team, regularly attending social work functions together, arriving early every day, organising and preparing the office at the end of the day. Employees are aware of the benefits of high levels of performance, such as recognition and promotion, but also the consequences of poor performance. Man’s need are arranged in a series of levels. A hierarchy of importance as soon as needs on a lower level are met those on the next, higher level will demand satisfaction. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is known for establishing the theory of a hierarchy of needs, writing that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs and that certain lower needs to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied as per the diagram below. Maslows hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid with the largest, most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom and the need for self-actualization at the top. While the pyramid has become the de facto way to represent the hierarchy, Maslow himself never used a pyramid to describe these levels in any of his writings on the subject. The most fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contain what Maslow called deficiency needs or d-needs: esteem, friendship and love, security, and physical needs. If these deficiency needs are not met – with the exception of the most fundamental (physiological) need – there may not be a physical indication, but the individual will feel anxious and tense. Maslows theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before the individual will strongly desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or higher level needs. Maslow also coined the term Metamotivation to describe the motivation of people who go beyond the scope of the basic needs and strive for constant betterment. The human mind and brain are complex and have parallel processes running at the same time, thus many different motivations from various levels of Maslows hierarchy can occur at the same time. Maslow spoke clearly about these levels and their satisfaction in terms such as relative, general, and primarily. Instead of stating that the individual focuses on a certain need at any given time, Maslow stated that a certain need dominates the human organism. Thus Maslow acknowledged the likelihood that the different levels of motivation could occur at any time in the human mind, but he focused on identifying the basic types of motivation and the order in which they should be met. Based on the diagram, there are 5 level to achieve in life and also related aspects at work. Physiological Needs Maslow identified the core physiological needs to sustain human life as air, water, food and sleep. To perform their jobs, workers require healthy air to breathe, water to keep their systems hydrated, sustenance to fuel their bodies and adequate time to rest and recuperate between shifts, including regularly scheduled breaks. As described in his own book, Maslow on Management, Maslow cites that when deficiencies exist in these four basic requirements for survival, people become incapable of developing any ambition, much less acting on it and achieving their full potential. By comparison, such is the quest of an oppressive regime in which human lives are expendable and workers are routinely pushed to the point of dehydration, starvation and exhaustion. Safety Needs A safe and secure working environment reduces the threat of physical injury. When workers believe that the level of risk has been minimized and that good health and safety practices are judiciously enforced and monitored by management, they feel more comfortable and are less distracted from performing their tasks and interacting with others. Conscientious safety practices reduce absenteeism as well, which can impact productivity and morale. Security also extends to emotional well being in the workplace. An employer that provides medical benefits, contributes to retirement plans and is financially solvent makes workers feel more secure about their jobs and the future. Chip Conley, author of Peak: How Great Companies Get Their Mojo from Maslow, writes that companies that demonstrate they care for the welfare of their workers create an atmosphere of trust which, in turn, encourages loyalty and decreases stress. Social Needs Man is a social animal and, accordingly, seeks out companionship, acceptance and inclusion. Maslow identifies social needs as friendships, peer support and the ability to give and receive love. Observes Dianna Podmoroff, author of 365 Ways to Motivate and Reward Your Employees Every Day: With Little or No Money, the workplace offers an opportunity to be part of a team in which members share their respective knowledge, skills and unique experiences to solve problems in which they have a vested interest. Competitions, focus groups, mentoring, brainstorming sessions, after-work get-togethers and even office potlucks can make employees feel as if they are family. Esteem Needs In concert with social needs is the desire to be recognized for personal accomplishments. Maslow divides this portion of his theory into external and internal motivators. External motivators are prizes and awards bestowed for outstanding performance, elevation in status such as a coveted promotion and newfound attention and admiration from others. Internal motivators are the private goals that workers set for themselves such as beating a prior months sales figures and the satisfaction of experiencing self-respect for having done the right thing. Barry Silverstein, author of Best Practices: Motivating Employees: Bringing Out the Best in Your People, notes that fairness and consistency in the recognition process are critical. When employees know that their efforts arent going unnoticed by management, they take more pride in their work product. In addition, their coworkers see the correlation between responsibility and reward and may endeavor to set the performance bar higher for themselves. Self-Actualization Once the quartet of physiological, safety, social and self-esteem needs are met, Maslow believed that individuals are capable of achieving their true potential and embodying truth, meaning, wisdom and justice in their words and actions. Self-actualization moves them to a higher plateau of understanding as well as a greater empathy for the needs of others. Those who achieve this ultimate state and Maslow himself speculated that it was only 2 percent of the population enjoy a greater autonomy, have a deeper sense of humility and respect for others and a better sense of distinguishing between real and fake. Maslow also tied this to the belief that the journey in whatever form it takes can be more rewarding than the actual destination. Managers can apply this to a practice of appreciating the worth of each of the individuals traveling with them rather than focusing so intently on the end-game that they lose all sight of human emotions. Maslows theory is important for two reasons: Firstly it points out that peoples needs are not just met by hard cash (which arguably addresses levels 1 and 2). People have many needs which have to be met, and while people may be very well paid, they can still be unsatisfied if these needs arent met See more at: http://www. mindtools. com/pages/article/newLDR_92. htm#sthash. 0gREuDmV. dpuf Maslows hierarchy of needs is a model for the various needs of humanity, with important implications for behavior in the workplace. Under this theory, individual growth is key to an organizations success. Supervisors must attempt to identify individualemployee needs and foster employee job satisfaction. If they do so, employees will progress toward self-actualization, and willimprove the organization in the process. Following is a partial list of the various rewards, practices, and programs thatsupervisors and their organizations may use to satisfy employee needs. Reference ^ a b Maslows Hierarchy of Needs 1. ^ a b c Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–96. Retrieved from http://psychclassics. yorku. ca/Maslow/motivation. htm 2. ^ Maslow, A (1954). Motivation and personality. New York, NY: Harper. p. 236. ISBN 0-06-041987-3. 3. ^ Mittelman, W. (1991). Maslows study of self-actualization: A reinterpretation. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 31(1), 114–135. doi: 10. 1177/0022167891311010 4. ^ a b Maslow, A. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York, NY: Harper. 5. ^ a b van IJzendoorn MH, Sagi-Schwartz A (2008). Cross-Cultural Patterns of Attachment; Universal and Contextual Dimensions. In Cassidy J, Shaver PR. Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research and Clinical Applications. New York and London: Guilford Press. pp. 880–905. ISBN 9781593858742. 6. ^ a b Bugental DB (2000). Acquisition of the Algorithms of Social Life: A Domain-Based Approach. Psychological Bulletin 126 (2): 178–219. doi:10. 1037/0033-2909. 126. 2. 187. PMID 10748640. 7. ^ Steere, B. F. (1988). Becoming an effective classroom manager: A resource for teachers.. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. ISBN 0-88706-620-8, 9780887066207 Check |isbn= value (help). 8. ^ Goble, F. (1970). The third force: The psychology of Abraham Maslow. Richmond, CA: Maurice Bassett Publishing. pp. 62.

Great Expectations chps 1-3 essays

Great Expectations chps 1-3 essays Pip introduces the story by introducing himself. He says his real name is Philip Pirrip, so people just call him Pip. He lives with his sister who is married to Joe Gargery, a blacksmith. His parents are dead, so the only way he knows who they are is through their grave stone. Pip started to cry and soon a convict with an iron leg appeared and told him to be quite. The convict picked Pip upside down and emptied out his pockets. Then he demanded that Pip go home and get him some food and drink. Soon the convict left and Pip ran home. When Pip reached home, Joe was there waiting for him. He told Pip that Mrs. Joe had the tickler and was out looking for him. Soon, Mrs. Joe arrived home and asked him where he had been. Pip told her that he was at the churchyard, but she doubted him. Pip decided that he should start saving his food to give to the convict. As soon as Joe and Mrs. Joe werent looking, he hid the bread in his pants. Joe asked him why he was bolting and that he shouldnt do it. Mrs. Joe kept asking Joe why Pip was bolting, but he didnt answer so Mrs. Joe started beating him. Mrs. Joe thinks he is sick so she gives him so tar water and is punished the next day by having to make pudding. The next morning, Pip got up and stole some food, water, and a file. On his way to the battery, he ran into a young boy who Pip assumed was the other convict. The boy tried to punch Pip but missed and ran away. Pip made it to the convict and gave him the food and drink. Pip told him about the canon firings and the convict asked where they had come from. Then he demanded that Pip give him the file and he started filing at his chain. ...

Teaching Writing to Beginning ESL Students

Teaching Writing to Beginning ESL Students Beginner-level writing classes are challenging to teach because of the students still-limited knowledge of the language. For a beginner-level student, you wouldnt start out with exercises such as, write a paragraph about your family or write three sentences describing your best friend. Before diving into short paragraphs, it is helpful to set up students with concrete tasks. Start With the Nuts and Bolts For many students- especially those who are native to languages that represent letters or words in alphabets vastly different from Englishs 26 letters- knowing that a sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a period is not necessarily intuitive. Make sure to start off by teaching your student some basics: Begin each sentence with a capital letter.End each sentence with a period and a question with a question mark.Use capital letters  with proper names and  the pronoun I.Each sentence contains a subject, verb and, usually, a complement (such as a prepositional phrase or direct object).Basic sentence structure is: Subject verb complement. Focus on Parts of Speech To teach writing, students must know the basic parts of speech. Review nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Ask students to categorize words in these four categories. Taking time to ensure students understand the role of each part of speech in a sentence will pay off. Suggestions to Help With Simple Sentences After students have an understanding of the groundwork, use simple sentence structures to help them begin writing. Sentences may be very repetitive in these exercises, but the use of compound and complex sentences are too advanced for students at this stage in the learning process. Only after students gain confidence through a number of simple exercises will they be able to move on to more complicated tasks, such as joining elements with a conjunction to make a compound subject or verb. Then they will graduate to using short compound sentences and adding short introductory phrases. Simple Exercise Examples Simple Exercise 1: Describing Yourself In this exercise, teach standard phrases on the board, such as: My name is ... I am from ... I live in ... I am married/single. I go to school/work at ... I (like to) play ... I like ... I speak ... Use only simple verbs such as live, go, work, play, speak, and like as well as set phrases with the verb to be. After students feel comfortable with these simple phrases, introduce writing about another person with you, he, she, or they.   Simple Exercise 2: Describing a Person After students have learned basic factual descriptions, move on to describing people. In this case, help students by writing out descriptive vocabulary in categories. For example: Physical Appearance tall/shortbeautiful/good-lookingwell-dressedold/young Physical Attributes eyeshair Personality funnyshyoutgoinghard-workingfriendlylazyrelaxed Then, write out verbs on the board. Ask the students to use words from the categories in conjunction with the verbs to teach students how to formulate simple descriptive sentences. Through this, teach students to use be with adjectives describing physical appearance and personality traits.  Teach them to use have with physical attributes (long hair, big eyes, etc.).  For example: I am ... (hardworking/outgoing/shy/etc.) I have ... (long hair/big eyes) Additional Exercise Ask students to write about one person, using the verbs and vocabulary presented in both exercises. As you check the students work, make sure that they are writing simple sentences and not stringing too many attributes together.  At this point, it is better if students do not use multiple adjectives in a sentence in a row because this requires a good understanding of  adjective order. In this case, simplicity prevents confusion. Simple Exercise 3: Describing an Object Continue working on writing skills by asking students to describe objects. Use the following categories to help students classify words to use in their writing: Shapes roundsquareoval Color redblueyellow Textures smoothsoftrough Materials woodmetalplastic Verbs is made from/offeelsishaslooks likeï » ¿looks Variation: Ask students to write a description of an object without naming the object. Other students should then guess what the object is. For example: This object is round and smooth. It is made of metal. It has many buttons. I use it to listen to music.